#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define FLOATING_WINDOW_WIDTH 400
#define FLOATING_WINDOW_HEIGHT 400
#define FLOATING_WINDOW_X_POS 100
#define FLOATING_WINDOW_Y_POS 100

#define TRANSIENT_WINDOW_WIDTH 100
#define TRANSIENT_WINDOW_HEIGHT 100
#define TRANSIENT_WINDOW_X_POS 50
#define TRANSIENT_WINDOW_Y_POS 50

#define SLEEP_TIME 5

#define WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH 0
#define WINDOW_BORDER_COLOR 0
#define WINDOW_BACKGROUND_COLOR 0

/**
 * @brief Function that creates and manages floating and transient window.
 *
 * This program opens an X display, creates a floating window with specific
 * size and position, and then creates a transient (child) window after a
 * specified delay. The transient window is always associated with the
 * floating window, meaning it will behave as a child of the floating window.
 * The program uses Xlib to interact with the X server, handle events, and
 * manage window properties such as size, title, and position.
 *
 * The key steps are:
 * 1. Create the floating window and set its size constraints.
 * 2. After a delay (5 seconds), create the transient window and associate
 *    it with the floating window.
 * 3. Display both windows on the screen.
 * 4. Wait for and process X events in an infinite loop. This allows the
 *    windows to remain open and interact with the X server.
 *
 * @return int Exit status (always 0).
 */
int main(void)
{
	Display *display;
	Window rootWindow, floatingWindow, transientWindow = None;
	XSizeHints sizeHints;
	XEvent event;

	display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
	if (!display)
		exit(1);

	rootWindow = DefaultRootWindow(display);

	floatingWindow = XCreateSimpleWindow(
	    display, rootWindow, FLOATING_WINDOW_X_POS, FLOATING_WINDOW_Y_POS,
	    FLOATING_WINDOW_WIDTH, FLOATING_WINDOW_HEIGHT, WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH,
	    WINDOW_BORDER_COLOR, WINDOW_BACKGROUND_COLOR);

	sizeHints.min_width = sizeHints.max_width = sizeHints.min_height =
	    sizeHints.max_height = FLOATING_WINDOW_WIDTH;
	sizeHints.flags = PMinSize | PMaxSize;
	XSetWMNormalHints(display, floatingWindow, &sizeHints);
	XStoreName(display, floatingWindow, "floating");
	XMapWindow(display, floatingWindow);
	XSelectInput(display, floatingWindow, ExposureMask);

	while (1) {
		XNextEvent(display, &event);

		if (transientWindow == None) {
			sleep(SLEEP_TIME);

			transientWindow = XCreateSimpleWindow(
			    display, rootWindow, TRANSIENT_WINDOW_X_POS,
			    TRANSIENT_WINDOW_Y_POS, TRANSIENT_WINDOW_WIDTH,
			    TRANSIENT_WINDOW_HEIGHT, WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH,
			    WINDOW_BORDER_COLOR, WINDOW_BACKGROUND_COLOR);

			XSetTransientForHint(display, transientWindow,
			                     floatingWindow);
			XStoreName(display, transientWindow, "transient");
			XMapWindow(display, transientWindow);
			XSelectInput(display, transientWindow, ExposureMask);
		}
	}

	XCloseDisplay(display);
	exit(0);
}